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更新日期：2019-01-09
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°Rø:
The Rømer scale (Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁœːˀmɐ]; notated as °Rø), also known as Romer or Roemer, is a temperature scale named after the Danish astronomer Ole Christensen Rømer, who proposed it in 1701.
It is based on the freezing point of pure water being 7.5 degrees and the boiling point of water as 60 degrees.
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, inventor of the Fahrenheit scale, learned of Rømer's work and visited him in 1708. Fahrenheit described how he borrowed the idea for his scale from this visit, but increased the number of divisions.
Newton published his scale in the same year as Rømer. Newton's system was calibrated between the freezing point of water (0 degrees) and human body temperature (12 degrees); it was a coarser scale, but unlike Rømer's it was not intended for everyday use, as Newton's interest was in determining the boiling points of metals, which are not readily accessible with Rømer's system based on liquid thermometers.
°K:
The Kelvin scale is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases in the classical description of thermodynamics.
The kelvin (symbol: K) is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI).
Until 2018, the kelvin was defined as the fraction 1⁄273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (exactly 0.01 °C or 32.018 °F).
In other words, it is defined such that the triple point of water is exactly 273.16 K.
On 16 November 2018, a new definition was adopted, in terms of a fixed value of the Boltzmann constant.
For legal metrology purposes, the new definition will officially come into force 20 May 2019 (the 130th anniversary of the Metre Convention).
The Kelvin scale is named after the Belfast-born, Glasgow University engineer and physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907), who wrote of the need for an "absolute thermometric scale".
Unlike the degree Fahrenheit and degree Celsius, the kelvin is not referred to or written as a degree.
The kelvin is the primary unit of temperature measurement in the physical sciences, but is often used in conjunction with the degree Celsius, which has the same magnitude.
The definition implies that absolute zero (0 K) is equivalent to −273.15 °C (−459.67 °F).
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